使用VMware或者VirtualBox安装centos、ubuntu，可以通过下载相关镜像进行进行创建，但是这种方式较为繁琐，而通过vagrant可以更方便地创建centos等虚拟化环境。

搭建学习环境建议使用Vagrant+VirtualBox搭建虚拟环境，一方面是使用和生产环境类似的环境进行学习，其次在清理软件时也更加方便。 准备：

• 1、安装好VirtualBox
• 2、前往Vagrant官网下载vagrant

MacOS可以使用brew进行安装

brew install vagrant

等待几分钟即可安装成功：

vagrant常用命令

• 查看vagrant版本

 vagrant --version

使用vagrant 创建一台centos虚拟机

• 1、创建Vagrantfile 新建一个目录/Users/o0u0o/vagrant/centos7，并切换至该目录进行以下初始化命令。

vagrant init centos/7

注意：是centos/7

• 2、 启动 使用 vagrant up 命令启动centos虚拟机

 mac@o0u0odeMacBook-Pro centos7 % vagrant up
Bringing machine 'default' up with 'virtualbox' provider...
==> default: Checking if box 'centos/7' version '2004.01' is up to date...
==> default: Clearing any previously set forwarded ports...
==> default: Clearing any previously set network interfaces...
==> default: Preparing network interfaces based on configuration...
    default: Adapter 1: nat
==> default: Forwarding ports...
    default: 22 (guest) => 2222 (host) (adapter 1)
==> default: Booting VM...
==> default: Waiting for machine to boot. This may take a few minutes...
    default: SSH address: 127.0.0.1:2222
    default: SSH username: vagrant
    default: SSH auth method: private key
==> default: Machine booted and ready!
==> default: Checking for guest additions in VM...
    default: No guest additions were detected on the base box for this VM! Guest
    default: additions are required for forwarded ports, shared folders, host only
    default: networking, and more. If SSH fails on this machine, please install
    default: the guest additions and repackage the box to continue.
    default:
    default: This is not an error message; everything may continue to work properly,
    default: in which case you may ignore this message.
==> default: Rsyncing folder: /Users/o0u0o/vagrant/centos7/ => /vagrant
==> default: Machine already provisioned. Run `vagrant provision` or use the `--provision`
==> default: flag to force provisioning. Provisioners marked to run always will still run.

3、连接到服务器

vagrant ssh

查看机器状态

vagrant status

停止机器

vagrant halt

删除机器

vagrant destroy

常见问题：

1、virtualbox版本与Vagrant版本不匹配

The provider 'virtualbox' that was requested to back the machine
'default' is reporting that it isn't usable on this system. The
reason is shown below:

Vagrant has detected that you have a version of VirtualBox installed
that is not supported by this version of Vagrant. Please install one of
the supported versions listed below to use Vagrant:

4.0, 4.1, 4.2, 4.3, 5.0, 5.1, 5.2, 6.0, 6.1

A Vagrant update may also be available that adds support for the version
you specified. Please check www.vagrantup.com/downloads.html to download
the latest version.

解决： 按照提示升级Vagrant为对应版本即可,我这里使用的是brew管理，输入命令brew upgrade vagrant升级即可！